The Last Purchase from the Indians - Acts of the Legislature of 1785 and 1792, regulating the Sale of Lands in Pennsylvania - Original Warrants in the Several Townships of Jefferson County - Leniency Shown to Early Settlers.
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in October, 1784, purchased, at the treaty with the Indians at Fort Stanwix, the domain embracing in whole or in part the present counties of Tioga, Potter, McKean, Jefferson, Warren, Venango, Armstrong, Allegheny, Butler, Crawford, Mercer, and Beaver.
By an act of the Legislature, passed April 1, 1784, the sale of these lands was authorized. The second section of this law provides that all lands west of the Allegheny Mountains shall not be more than three pounds ten shillings for every one hundred acres.
Section four provides that the quantity of land granted to one person shall not exceed four hundred acres; section six provides for the survey and laying out of these lands, by the surveyor-general or his deputies, into tracts of not more than five hundred acres and not less than two hundred acres, to be sold at public auction at such times as the "Supreme Executive Council may direct."
When all claims had been paid, "in specie, or money of the State," for patenting, surveying, etc., a title was granted to the purchaser. In case he was not ready or able to make full payment at the time of purchase, by paying all the fees appertaining thereto, he was allowed two years to complete the payment, by paying lawful interest, and when the last payment was made, a completed title was given.
By the act of April 8, 1785, the lands were sold by lottery, in portions not to exceed one thousand acres to each applicant. Tickets, commencing with number one, were put in a wheel, and the warrants, which were called "Lottery Warrants," issued on the said applications, were severally numbered according to the decision of the said lottery, and bore date from the day on which the drawing was finished.
Section seven of this act allowed persons holding these warrants to locate them upon any piece or portion of unappropriated lands. The land upon each warrant to be embraced in one tract, if possible.
On the 3d of April, 1792, the Legislature passed an act for the sale of these lands, which, in some respects, differed from the laws of 1784 and 1785. It offers land only to such persons as shall settle on them, and designates the kind and duration of settlement.
By section two of this act all lands lying north and west of the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers and Conewango Creek, except such portions as had been or should be appropriated to public or charitable uses, were offered to such as would "cultivate, improve, and settle upon them, or cause it to be done, for the price of seven pounds ten shillings for every hundred acres, with an allowance of six per centum for roads and highways, to be located, surveyed and secured to such purchasers, in the manner hereinafter mentioned."
Section three provided for the surveying and granting of warrants, by the surveyor-general, for any quantity of land within the said limits, to not exceed four hundred acres, to any person who had settled upon and improved said land.
The act provided for the surveying and division of these lands. The warrants were, if possible, to contain all in one entire tract, and the form of the tract was to be as near, as circumstances would admit, to an oblong, whose length should not be greater than twice the breadth thereof. No warrants were to be issued in pursuance of this act, until the purchase money should have been paid to the receiver-general of the land-office.
The surveyor-general was obliged to make clear and fair entries of all warrants, in a book to be provided for the purpose, and any applicant should be furnished with a certified copy of any warrant upon the payment of one-quarter of a dollar.
In this law the rights of the citizen were so well fenced about, and so equitably defined, that risk and hazard came only at his own. But owing to controversies arising, concerning this law, between the judges of the State Courts and those of the United States, which the Legislature, for a long time, tried in vain to settle, impeded for a time the settlement of the district. These controversies were not settled until 1805, by a decision of Chief Justice Marshall, of the Supreme Court of the United States.
At the close of the Revolutionary War several wealthy Hollanders - Wilhelm Willink, Jan Linklaen, and others, to whom the United States was indebted for money loaned to assist in carrying on the war, preferring to invest the money in this country, they purchased of Robert Morris, the great financier of the country at that time, an immense tract of land in the State of New York, and at the same time took up, by warrant (under the law above cited), large tracts in the State of Pennsylvania, east of the Allegheny River. Judge Yeates, on one occasion, said: "The Holland Land Company have paid to the State the consideration money of 1,162 warrants, and the surveying fees on 1,048 tracts of land (generally 400 acres each), besides making very considerable expenditures by their exertions, honorable to themselves and useful to the community, in order to effect settlements. Computing the sums advanced, the lost tracts, by prior improvements and interferences, and the quantity of one hundred acres granted to each individual for making an actual settlement on their lands, it is said that, averaging the whole, between $230 and $240 have been expended by the company on each tract."
An act was passed by the Legislature, March 31, 1823, authorizing Wilhelm Willink, and others, residents of Holland, to "sell and convey any lands belonging to them in the Commonwealth."*
Large tracts of lands in Jefferson county were owned by the Holland Company, and Charles C. Gaskill, of Punxsutawney, was the agent of the company for their sale. He was appointed by John J. Vandercamp, the general agent. He finally sold to Alexander Caldwell, and Lee, and Gilpin. Mr. Gaskill conveyed much of these lands to actual settlers in this county.
The Timothy Pickering lands were sold by Hon. Thomas White, of Indiana, who also controlled the Samuel Hodgdon and other lands. Both Mr. Gaskill and Judge White were very lenient to purchasers. A day was generally set for those parties who had payments to make to meet the owners or their agents, from whom they had purchased lands, at a certain place; but money was scarce, and it was hard for the early settlers to meet their obligations, small as was the price paid in those days. In order to stir his delinquent debtors up to a sense of their indebtedness, Mr. Gaskill published the following notice in a paper published at Kittanning:
"NOTICE. - Having been very indulgent towards those persons indebted for ‘HOLLAND LAND,’ in Indiana, Jefferson and Armstrong counties, for some time past, I am now under the necessity of informing them, that it will be necessary for them to exert themselves and make as considerable payments, and as soon as possible, on their respective bonds, etc.
"CHARLES C. GASKILL.
"Punxsutawney, November 20, 1819."To show the leniency of Judge White it is only necessary to state that, at the February term of court, 1887, held at Brookville, a rule was asked for to sell at Orphan’s Court a certain farm in Jefferson county, when it was found that the party who had settled upon it, some twenty-five or thirty years before, had bought the land from Judge White, but had never paid one dollar of the purchase money. He had raised his family upon it, and died there, living all these years unmolested. It was no wonder that, in those early days, Judge White was called the "settler’s friend."
The following is a list of the different warrants surveyed in the county under the acts of 1785 and 1792, and 1794, with the number of warrant, number of acres, and names of warrantees, in each township:
PINE CREEK
Survey of 1785: Warrant No, 389, 1052 acres; 292, 403 acres; 422, 432 acres; 428, 514 acres; 390, 645 acres, to Timothy Pickering & Co. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 3948, 3946, 3945, 3941, 3940, 1094 acres each; 3947, 3944, 3943, 3942, 3957, 1000 acres each; 3964, 971 acres, to Jeremiah Parker. 3741, 534 acres, to Robert Morris. Survey of later date: 400 acres to Samuel Findlay.
PERRY
Survey of 1785: Warrant No. 421, 417 acres, to Jonathan B. Smith. 458, 371 acres, to Dr. James Hutchison. 388, 1012 acres, to Timothy Pickering & Co. — - — - to Mason. 29, 636 acres, to William Bradford. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 5406, 1100 acres; 5461, 1093 acres; 5462, 1060 acres, to Joseph Webb. 3014, 3013, 3012, 3272, 3280, 990 acres each; 3019, 750 acres; 3002, 3011, 3269, 3270, 905 acres each; 3007, 921 acres; 3059, 1088 acres, to Leroy & Linklaen. Surveys of later date: 212 acres to John Henderson. 164 acres to W. Clawson.
YOUNG
Survey of 1785: Warrant No. 538, 338 acres, to Samuel Findlay. 513, 383 acres, to Dr. J. Hutchison. 296, 663 acres; 307, 605 acres, to T. Pickering. 378, 200 acres; --, 300 acres, to Henry Geddis. 302, 362, 503 acres each, to William Brown. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 3859, 3861, 3856, 311 acres each; 3865, 604 acres; 3866, 502 acres, to Dr. William Cathcart. 3876, 500 acres; 3881, 302 acres, to Henry Geddis. 3855, 898 acres; 3054, 930 acres; 3025, 985 acres, to Leroy & Linklaen. 3955, 1100 acres, to Jeremiah Parker. Surveys of later date: 225 acres to Jas. Johnson; 200 acres to William States; 207 acres to John Nicholson; 113 acres to J. Brady; 220 acres to J. Findley; 87 acres to E. Heath; 396 acres to Robert Means.
ROSE
Survey of 1785: Warrant No. 394, 700 acres; 349, 1030 acres; 371, 383 acres; 351, 428 acres; 286, 436 acres; 342, 607 acres, to Timothy Pickering & Co. 3206, 3196, 3157, 3156, 3155, 990 acres each; 3083, 600 acres, to Leroy & Linklaen. 3741, 500 acres, to Robert Morris. --, 250 acres, to James Stewart.
BARNETT
Warrant No. --, 600 acres; 5698, 5693, 838 acres each; 5694, 5697, 5696, 5695, 1100 acres each; 5701, 1412 acres, to George F. Alberti. 5870, 990 acres; 5872, 945 acres, to J.B. Smith. 5100, 5095, 1100 acres each, to Jonathan Mifflin.
SNYDER
Survey of 1785: Warrant No. 183, 1075 acres; 254, 641 acres, to T. Pickering & Co. 335, 348 acres; 186, 335 acres; 440, 679 acres, to Richard Summers. 251, 552 acres; 464, 276 acres, to George Lattimore. 150, 507 acres, to Jared Ingersoll. 398, 406 acres, to James McCarty. 494, 458 acres, to Richard McCarty. 104, 324 acres, to B. Harvey. 35, 536 acres, to D. Kennedy. 459, 529 acres, to G. & A. Cory. 84, 640 acres, to Henry Syphert. 81, 324 acres, to E. Bradley. 70, 500 acres, to F. Sivart. --, 500 acres, to Henry Syphert. 299, 1005 acres, to Ed. Bird. 130, 389 acres, to John Hutchison. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 1554, 1000 acres; 4242, 1100 acres; 4470, 740 acres; 4400, 4459, 500 acres each, to James Wilson. 4277, 950 acres; 4278, 1046 acres; 4279, 600 acres, to John Bryan. 5793, 1000 acres; 5801, 200 acres, to Robert Morris. 2918, 2742, 900 acres each; 2963, 2965, 400 acres each, to Wilhelm Willink & Co. 3935, 1024 acres; 3937, 1000 acres, to Francis Nicholls. 5804, 394 acres, to Matthew Leffborough.
ELDRED
Warrant No. 3071, 3070, 3057, 3031, 900 acres each, to Leroy & Linklaen. 3356, 3352, 3351, 3350, 3349, 3348, 3383, 3379, 3362, 3361, 3357, 1100 acres each; 3346, 600 acres; 3387, 500 acres; 3398, 450 acres, to Robert Gilmore. 3545, 3548, 3547, 3546, 1100 acres each, to William Bingham. 5092, 5991, 550 acres each, to Jonathan Mifflin.** 3407, 550 acres; 3400, 600 acres, to Thomas M. Willing. 4019, 336 acres, to John Nicholson. --, 300 acres, to William Douglass. 3723, 3701, 1025 acres each, to Robert Morris.
WASHINGTON
Survey of 1785: Warrant No. 510, 407, 650 acres each; 504, 636 acres; 122, 169, 1026 acres each; 425, 603 acres; 159, 1018 acres; 413, 565 acres; 87, 1045 acres; 187, 613 acres, to T. Pickering & Co. 124, 237, 333 acres each; 199, 557 acres; 186, 330 acres, to Richard Summers. 102, 415 acres, to J.B. Smith. 157, 305 acres, to J.D. Sargent. 329, 300 acres, to James Reed. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 2957, 850 acres; 2987, 927 acres; 2760, 913 acres; 2989, 864 acres; 2889, 900 acres; 2888, 928 acres; 2968, 914 acres; 2884, 981 acres; 2969, 759 acres; 2955, 620 acres; 2975, 908 acres; 2944, 870 acres; 2943, 869 acres; 2881, 215 acres; 2890, 410 acres, to Wilhelm Willink & Co. 3932, 1020 acres; 3933, 1008 acres; 3934, 1009 acres, to Nicholls & McPherson. 5813, 1092 acres, to Thos. Grant and D. Smith. 4399, 4398, 4397, 990 acres each; 4376, 360 acres, to James Wilson. --, 1111 acres, to T.J. Maltrem. Surveys of later date: 478 acres to William McCullough; 440 acres to White & Shaw; 220 acres to D. Denniston.
PORTER
Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 3104, 600 acres; 3105, 3016, 3106, 3015, 3112, 3113, 990 acres each; 3110, 3114, 3274, 500 acres each; 3276, 250 acres; 3273, 483 acres, to Leroy & Linklaen.
CLOVER
Survey of 1785. Warrant No. 681, 1106 acres; 678, 250 acres, to Samuel Bryan. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 3075, 3081, 800 acres each; 3205, 390 acres; 3202, 300 acres; 3203, 3204, 3200, 3079, 990 acres each; 3078, 750 acres; 3080, 900 acres; 3082, 600 acres; 3083, 200 acres, to Leroy & Linklaen.
GASKILL
Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. --, --, 900 acres each; 3116, 872 acres; 3219, 982 acres; 3294, 990 acres; 3292, 864 acres; 3289, 950 acres; 3297, 915 acres, to Leroy & Linklaen. 2909, 889 acres; 2484, 450 acres; 2895, 440 acres; 2949, 488 acres; 2937, 977 acres; 2746, 734 acres; 2947, 754 acres; 2945, 979 acres, to Wilhelm Willink & Co.
WARSAW
Survey of 1785: Warrant No. 331, 1089 acres; 322, 1040 acres; 312, 1047 acres; 341, 640 acres; 327, 1044 acres; 302, 400 acres; 64, 423 acres; 495, 424 acres; 41, 588 acres; 98, 407 acres; 567, 1058 acres; 547, 500 acres, to T. Pickering & Co. 172, 504 acres, to John Bayard. 742, 260 acres, to Jacob Weaver. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 3974, 1050 acres; 3972, 1093 acres, to Jeremiah Parker. 3039, 3037, 3098, 900 acres each, to Leroy & Linklaen. 3778, 1047 acres; 3796, 1030 acres; 3797, 600 acres, to Samuel Hodgdon. 4031, 999 acres; 4018, 1026 acres, to James Nicholson. 3902, 986 acres, to Wilhelm Willink & Co. 3931, 3930, 3927, 1000 acres each; 3929, 956 acres, to Nicholson & McPherson. Surveys of later date: 440 acres to J. Moorhead; 400 acres to R.P. Barr; 437 acres to E. Heath; 300 acres to John McLaughlin; 438 acres to J.B. Evans; 440 acres to T. Gordon.
WINSLOW
Survey of 1785: Warrant No. 101, 433 acres; 211, 223, 219, 125, 471, 430 acres each; 534, 556, 506, 660 acres each; 460, 450 acres; 120, 1001 acres; 193, 201, 607 acres each; 509, 437 acres; 512, 640 acres; 481, 438 acres; 491, 650 acres, to Timothy Pickering & Co. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 2961, 500 acres; 2953, 926 acres; 2936, 927 acres; 2951, 911 acres; 2967, 944 acres; 2972, 840 acres; 2976, 928 acres; 2984, 913 acres, to Wilhelm Willink & Co. 3853, 1082 acres; 3852, 1041 acres; 3894, 1007 acres; 3854, 311 acres; 3860, 815 acres; 3850, 1002 acres; 3851, 1001 acres, to Dr. William Cathcart. 3875, 531 acres; 3871, 1002 acres, to Henry Geddes. 5827, 1003 acres, to Jared Ingersoll. 4032, 811 acres, to John Nicholson.
HEATH
Warrant No. 2768, 850 acres; 2770, 2777, 924 acres each; 2749, 2649, 900 acres each; 2454, 2364, 989 acres each; 2369, 962 acres; 2617, 1002 acres; 2370, 2625, 984 acres each, to Wilhelm Willink. 4021, 4020, 1026 acres each; 4019, 600 acres, to John Nicholson. 400 acres to Job Packer; 300 acres to Smith Brown; 300 acres to James O’Harra; 300 acres to John Pierce; 100 acres to Samuel Wilson.
RINGGOLD
Survey of 1785. Warrant No. 686, 715 acres; 683, 588 acres, to Arthur Bryan. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 3276, 250 acres; 3274, 150 acres; 3286, 500 acres; 3282, 910 acres; 3281, 820 acres, to Leroy & Linklaen. 2930, 2941, 2944, 500 acres each; 2939, 2947, 2933, 2950, 2966, 2632, 990 acres each, to Wilhelm Willink.
UNION
Survey of 1785: Warrant No. 678, 377 acres, to Samuel Bryan. 677, 1100 acres, to Dr. William Smith. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 3394, 1050 acres; 3391, 700 acres; 3390, 800 acres; 3395, 860 acres; 3388, 900 acres; 3396, 3397, 1100 acres each; 3387, 550 acres; 3398, 600 acres, to Robert Gilmore. 2401, 1100 acres; 3400, 500 acres; 3403, 150 acres, to Thomas M. Willing.
BEAVER
Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 3244, 3065, 3072, 3274, 500 acres each; 3043, 3042, 3028, 3014, 2998, 3004, 3207, 990 acres each; 3205, 3202, 600 acres each, to Leroy & Linklaen. 2936, 990 acres, to Wilhelm Willink.
POLK
Warrant No. 2765, 600 acres; 2748, 2956, 800 acres each; 2733, 2860, 2750, 2744, 2811, 900 acres each.; 2901, 931 acres, to Wilhelm Willink. 3926, 1039 acres; 3925, 1023 acres; 3928, 1098 acres, to Nicholson & McPherson. 3939, 1024 acres; 3938, 1023 acres, to Francis Nicholls. 4022, 1028 acres; 4023, 4017, 1026 acres each; 4016, 383 acres, to John Nicholson. 547, 600 acres; 325, 679 acres, to T. Pickering. 631, 265 acres, to I. Gordon. 315, 309 acres, to Samuel Bole. 571, 406 acres, to Rev. R. McMurdy. 287, 287 acres, to H.R. Stry. 105, 105 acres to E. Heath. 500, 500 acres, to Samuel Hodgdon.
OLIVER
Survey of 1785: Warrant No. 247, 307 acres; 527, 301 acres, to J.D. Sargeant. 108, 331 acres to James Gilchrist. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 3271, 905 acres; 3041, 3029, 3208, 2997, 990 acres each; 3030, 959 acres, to Leroy & Linklaen. 3298, 998 acres; 2935, 2930, 990 acres each; 2964, 2908, 2938, 905 acres each; 2807, 1065 acres; 3006, 816 acres; 2830, 795 acres; 2646, 871 acres; 2400, 978 acres; 2401, 1006 acres; 2622, 999 acres; 2615, 711 acres, to Wilhelm Willink.
KNOX
Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 3971, 3969, 3967, 3966, 3965, 3953, 1035 acres each; 3963, 3961, 3951, 3949, 3960, 3959, 3958, 1000 acres each; 3968, 1065 acres; 3952, 3950, 1094 acres each, to Jeremiah Parker.
BELL
Survey of 1785: Warrant No. 318, 442, 311 acres each, to George Lattimore; 520, 200 acres to T. Pickering & Co. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 3288, 900 acres, to Leroy & Linklaen. 2618, 440 acres; 2372, 940 acres; 2904, 2765, 918 acres each; 2761, 910 acres; 2762, 892 acres; 2745, 942 acres, to Wilhelm Willink. 4036, 1000 acres, to John Nicholson.
McCALMONT
Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 2764, 2917, 2957, 1002 acres each; 2961, 462 acres; 2990, 916 acres; 2763, 975 acres; 2806, 918 acres; 2849, 921 acres; 2626, 1009 acres; 2621, 1051 acres; 2620, 994 acres; 2919, 2616, 593 acres each, to Wilhelm Willink & Co. 2973, 2975, 3956, 1000 acres each; 3954, 1094 acres to Jeremiah Parker.
HENDERSON
Survey of 1785: Warrant No. 520, 241 acres; 525, 416 acres; 249, 456 acres; 144, 540, 433 acres each, to Timothy Pickering & Co. 135, 332 acres; 271, 438 acres; 60, 437 acres, to Jared Ingersoll. 544, 435 acres, to James Gilchrist. 461, 717 acres, to James Hutchinson. Survey of 1792 to 1794: Warrant No. 5736, 234 acres; 3870, 410 acres; 5735, 986 acres; 3862, 614 acres; 3863, 610 acres to Dr. William Cathcart, 3794, 1000 acres, to Rev. Robert Cathcart. 3874, 620 acres; 3883, 617 acres, to Henry Geddis. 5826, 459 acres, to H. Luffborough. Survey of later date: 248 acres to W. Campbell; 60 acres to J. Brady.
The different towns and villages of the county are situated on the following original warrants***: Brookville, on warrant 394, T. Pickering, original owner; Reynoldsville, on warrant 3875, Henry Geddis, original owner; Brockwayville, on warrants 84, 81, and 35, H. Syphert, D. Kennedy, and E. Bradley, original owners; Corsica, on warrant 681, Dr. William Smith, original owner; Summerville, on warrant 378, Leroy & Linklaen, original owners; Port Barnett, on warrant 390, T. Pickering & Co., original owners; Big Run, on warrant 525, T. Pickering & Co., original owners; Punxsutawney, on warrant --, Samuel Findley, original owner; Perrysville, Mason warrant; Sprankles Mills, on line of warrants No. 3298 and 3925; Cool Spring, where James Gray lived, No. 2964; Walston (Coal Mines), warrant 3054, Leroy & Linklaen, original owners; Adrian (Coal Mines), warrant 3955, Jeremiah Parker; Clayville --, warrant 3055; Emerickville, on warrant No. 3947, Jeremiah Parker, original owner; Fuller’s Station, on warrant No. 3959, Jeremiah Parker; Richardsville, on warrant --; Mayville, on warrant 341, Timothy Pickering, original owner; Sigel, on warrant 3356, Robert Gilmore, original owner; Knoxdale, on warrant 3961, Jeremiah Parker, original owner; Ringgold, on warrant 2939, Wilhelm Willink & Co., original owners; Sandy Valley, on warrant 187, Timothy Pickering, original owner; Rockdale Mills, on warrant 2955, Wilhelm Willink & Co., original owners; Belleview, on warrant 3196, Leroy & Linklaen.
A List of Survey’d Lands of Dr. Smith’s Estate [4*) - Lands in Partnership with John Nicholson. - Warrants dated December 21, 1792, No. 3549 to 3566 inclusive.
Quantities of land warrants, 3549 to 3560 inclusive, 500 acres each. (Smith).
Quantities of land warrants, 3561 to 3566 inclusive, 1000 acres each. (Nicholson).
The first lot in name of Warrantee William Smith - 6000 acres.
The last lot in name of Warrantee John Nicholson - 5000 acres.
Nearly all the land on east side Big Toby’s Creek.
"February, 1813.
"Plot of 334, 950 Acres of Land, purchased by Benjamin B. Cooper and Oliver Wayne Ogden, of the Holland Land Co., situate in the counties of McKean and Jefferson...
"In the printed draught I find these lands are located to the right and left of Toby’s Creek, on Cooper Creek, Mill Creek, Iron Creek, Furnace Creek, and others not named, in Jefferson county. Cooper’s Port situated at the confluence of Furnace and Cooper Creeks.
"Each settler shall receive fifty acres as a bounty, to be selected by himself in a square form, out of any land not sold or settled - additional land, $2 per acre, payable in five and seven years, free of interest for two years."
* Smith’s Laws, Vol. 8, page 107-8.
** One-half of these warrants were in Jefferson and the balance in Clarion county.
*** The list of original warrants were furnished by Mr. Eli Coulter.
[4*] Furnished by J.W. Jordon, of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.Source: Page(s) 330-339, History of Jefferson County by Kate M. Scott. Syracuse, N.Y., D. Mason & Co., 1888.
Contributed by Nathan Zipfel for use by the Jefferson County Genealogy Project (http://www.pa-roots.com/jefferson/)
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